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Guided culture reading

Turn the Guest into the Host

反客为主

Read the story behind 反客为主, a stratagem about a guest who gradually takes control and becomes the master, with the classic tale of Yuan Shao seizing Ji Province and a workplace example.

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Before you read

Quick pre-teach

6 helpful words

成语

chéngyǔ

Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters

客人

kè rén

guest

主人

zhǔrén

master, host

智慧

zhìhuì

wisdom, intelligence

主动

zhǔdòng

proactive

控制

kòngzhì

control

Read the story

1

Dōnghàn mònián, tiānxià dàluàn, qúnxióng-bìngqǐ, Yuán Shào shìlì shàng ruò, jíxū yí kuài fùshù de gēnjùdì.

In the late Eastern Han dynasty, the realm was in chaos and warlords rose on every side; Yuan Shao's power was still modest, and he urgently needed a rich base of his own.

2

广

Dāngshí de Jìzhōu mù Hán Fù zuòyōng Jìzhōu, dìguǎng-liángduō、bīngqiáng-mǎzhuàng, shì běifāng zuì fùshù de yì fāng zhūhóu.

At that time Han Fu, governor of Ji Province, held the province with its vast lands, abundant grain, and strong troops—the wealthiest lord in the north.

3

Yuán Shào bīng duō liáng shǎo, Hán Fù bīng liáng chōngzú què dǎnxiǎo pà shì, èr rén qiáng ruò fēnmíng.

Yuan Shao had many men but little grain; Han Fu had ample men and grain but was timid and faint-hearted—the two were clearly mismatched in strength.

4

Yuán Shào ànzhōng móuhuà, juédìng yí bù bù “fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ”, bǎ Jìzhōu cóng Hán Fù shǒu lǐ duó guòlái.

Yuan Shao plotted in secret to “turn the guest into the host” step by step, and wrest Ji Province from Han Fu's hands.

5

Tā xiān yǔ běifāng de Gōngsūn Zàn ànzhōng liánluò, yuē tā yìtóng nánxià, jiǎyí yào guāfēn Jìzhōu.

First he secretly got in touch with Gongsun Zan in the north and proposed they march south together, pretending they meant to carve up Ji Province between them.

6

Hán Fù tīngshuō Gōngsūn Zàn xīngbīng lái gōng, xiàde liùshén-wúzhǔ, liánmáng qǐng Yuán Shào rù Jìzhōu bāngmáng dǐyù.

When Han Fu heard that Gongsun Zan was marching to attack, he panicked and hastily invited Yuan Shao into Ji Province to help defend it.

7

Yuán Shào qiúzhī-bùdé, lìjí shuàijūn kāijìn Jìzhōu, ānchā qīnxīn, jiēguǎn yàozhí, xùnsù kòngzhìle gè chù yàohài.

Yuan Shao could not have asked for more; he marched his army straight into Ji Province, installed his own loyalists in key posts, and swiftly seized control of every strategic point.

8

Děng Hán Fù huíguò shén lái, zìjǐ yǐ chéngle kōngké yí ge, wénwǔ guānyuán dōu zhǐ tīng Yuán Shào de hàolìng.

By the time Han Fu came to his senses, he was a hollow shell; every civil and military official now took orders only from Yuan Shao.

9

Zǒutóu-wúlù zhī xià, Hán Fù zhǐhǎo qì jiā chūtáo, bǎ zhěnggè Jìzhōu gǒngshǒu ràng gěile yuánběn zhǐ shì “kèren” de Yuán Shào.

With no way out, Han Fu had no choice but to flee his home and hand all of Ji Province over to Yuan Shao, who had entered as merely a “guest.”

10

便

Jiù zhèyàng, Yuán Shào yóu ruò biàn qiáng、yóu kè wéi zhǔ —— zhè biàn shì “fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ”, bǎ bèidòng yí bù bù niǔ chéng zhǔdòng.

And so Yuan Shao grew from weak to strong, from guest to master—this is “turning the guest into the host”: twisting a passive position, step by step, into an active one.

11

Bǐrú gāng jìn gōngsī de xīnrén, zhǔdòng tiāoqǐ zuì shóushǒu de xiàngmù, jiànjiàn bèi dàjiā yīlài, zuìzhōng chéngwéi tuánduì de héxīn.

For example, a newcomer who joins a company and takes the initiative on the thorniest projects is gradually relied upon by everyone, until at last he becomes the core of the team.

12

Tā de zhìhuì zàiyú: kànqīng júshì、bùbù-wéiyíng, yuánběn bèidòng de yì fāng yě néng zhúbù zhǎngwò zhǔdǎoquán, niǔzhuǎn zhěnggè júmiàn.

Its wisdom lies here: read the situation clearly, move step by step, and even the side that began as passive can gradually seize the initiative and turn the whole situation around.

Finished reading the story?

Vocabulary

Story words

25 cards

成语

chéngyǔ

Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters

客人

kè rén

guest

主人

zhǔrén

master, host

智慧

zhìhuì

wisdom, intelligence

主动

zhǔdòng

proactive

控制

kòngzhì

control

古代

gǔdài

ancient times

士兵

shìbīng

soldiers

国家

guó jiā

country

接待

jiēdài

to receive (a visitor)

粮食

liángshi

foodstuff, cereals

表面

biǎomiàn

surface

目标

mùbiāo

target

信任

xìnrèn

trust

反而

fǎnér

instead; on the contrary; contrary (to expectations)

真正

zhēn zhèng

real

改变

gǎi biàn

change

身份

shēnfèn

identity

角色

juésè

role (in a story)

员工

yuángōng

employee, staff

困难

kùn nan

difficulty

任务

rèn wu

task

核心

héxīn

core

保持

bǎochí

to maintain, to keep

机会

jī huì

opportunity

Mini quiz

Check your understanding

Question 1

How did Yuan Shao seize Ji Province from Han Fu?

Question 2

The idiom 反客为主 (fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ) means...

Question 3

What is the correct pinyin and tone for 客 in 客人 (guest)?

Question 4

What does 主动 (zhǔdòng) mean?

Question 5

Choose the sentence with the correct word order (from the story).

Question 6

Which pair correctly fills the blanks: ___ 袁绍势力尚弱,___ 他急需一块富庶的根据地。

Printable preview

Printable Story Worksheet

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Story vocabulary list

成语 · chéngyǔ

Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters

客人 · kè rén

guest

主人 · zhǔrén

master, host

智慧 · zhìhuì

wisdom, intelligence

主动 · zhǔdòng

proactive

控制 · kòngzhì

control

古代 · gǔdài

ancient times

士兵 · shìbīng

soldiers

国家 · guó jiā

country

接待 · jiēdài

to receive (a visitor)

粮食 · liángshi

foodstuff, cereals

表面 · biǎomiàn

surface

Simple questions

  1. How did Yuan Shao seize Ji Province from Han Fu?

    Options: He tricked the timid Han Fu into inviting him in, then took control step by step / He defeated Han Fu in a pitched battle / He bought the province with gold / The emperor gave it to him

  2. The idiom 反客为主 (fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ) means...

    Options: a guest gradually takes control and becomes the host / the host becomes a guest / to invite many guests / to send a guest home

  3. What is the correct pinyin and tone for 客 in 客人 (guest)?

    Options: kē / ké / kě / kè

Sentence ordering exercise

Put these parts in the correct order.

急需一块富庶的根据地袁绍势力尚弱群雄并起天下大乱东汉末年

More printable story activities are coming soon.