成语
chéngyǔ
Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters
Guided culture reading
反客为主
Read the story behind 反客为主, a stratagem about a guest who gradually takes control and becomes the master, with the classic tale of Yuan Shao seizing Ji Province and a workplace example.
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Before you read
6 helpful words
成语
chéngyǔ
Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters
客人
kè rén
guest
主人
zhǔrén
master, host
智慧
zhìhuì
wisdom, intelligence
主动
zhǔdòng
proactive
控制
kòngzhì
control
东汉末年,天下大乱,群雄并起,袁绍势力尚弱,急需一块富庶的根据地。
Dōnghàn mònián, tiānxià dàluàn, qúnxióng-bìngqǐ, Yuán Shào shìlì shàng ruò, jíxū yí kuài fùshù de gēnjùdì.
In the late Eastern Han dynasty, the realm was in chaos and warlords rose on every side; Yuan Shao's power was still modest, and he urgently needed a rich base of his own.
当时的冀州牧韩馥坐拥冀州,地广粮多、兵强马壮,是北方最富庶的一方诸侯。
Dāngshí de Jìzhōu mù Hán Fù zuòyōng Jìzhōu, dìguǎng-liángduō、bīngqiáng-mǎzhuàng, shì běifāng zuì fùshù de yì fāng zhūhóu.
At that time Han Fu, governor of Ji Province, held the province with its vast lands, abundant grain, and strong troops—the wealthiest lord in the north.
Sentence vocabulary
粮食 · liángshi
foodstuff, cereals
袁绍兵多粮少,韩馥兵粮充足却胆小怕事,二人强弱分明。
Yuán Shào bīng duō liáng shǎo, Hán Fù bīng liáng chōngzú què dǎnxiǎo pà shì, èr rén qiáng ruò fēnmíng.
Yuan Shao had many men but little grain; Han Fu had ample men and grain but was timid and faint-hearted—the two were clearly mismatched in strength.
袁绍暗中谋划,决定一步步“反客为主”,把冀州从韩馥手里夺过来。
Yuán Shào ànzhōng móuhuà, juédìng yí bù bù “fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ”, bǎ Jìzhōu cóng Hán Fù shǒu lǐ duó guòlái.
Yuan Shao plotted in secret to “turn the guest into the host” step by step, and wrest Ji Province from Han Fu's hands.
他先与北方的公孙瓒暗中联络,约他一同南下,假意要瓜分冀州。
Tā xiān yǔ běifāng de Gōngsūn Zàn ànzhōng liánluò, yuē tā yìtóng nánxià, jiǎyí yào guāfēn Jìzhōu.
First he secretly got in touch with Gongsun Zan in the north and proposed they march south together, pretending they meant to carve up Ji Province between them.
韩馥听说公孙瓒兴兵来攻,吓得六神无主,连忙请袁绍入冀州帮忙抵御。
Hán Fù tīngshuō Gōngsūn Zàn xīngbīng lái gōng, xiàde liùshén-wúzhǔ, liánmáng qǐng Yuán Shào rù Jìzhōu bāngmáng dǐyù.
When Han Fu heard that Gongsun Zan was marching to attack, he panicked and hastily invited Yuan Shao into Ji Province to help defend it.
袁绍求之不得,立即率军开进冀州,安插亲信,接管要职,迅速了各处要害。
Yuán Shào qiúzhī-bùdé, lìjí shuàijūn kāijìn Jìzhōu, ānchā qīnxīn, jiēguǎn yàozhí, xùnsù kòngzhìle gè chù yàohài.
Yuan Shao could not have asked for more; he marched his army straight into Ji Province, installed his own loyalists in key posts, and swiftly seized control of every strategic point.
Sentence vocabulary
控制 · kòngzhì
control
等韩馥回过神来,自己已成了空壳一个,文武官员都只听袁绍的号令。
Děng Hán Fù huíguò shén lái, zìjǐ yǐ chéngle kōngké yí ge, wénwǔ guānyuán dōu zhǐ tīng Yuán Shào de hàolìng.
By the time Han Fu came to his senses, he was a hollow shell; every civil and military official now took orders only from Yuan Shao.
走投无路之下,韩馥只好弃家出逃,把整个冀州拱手让给了原本只是“”的袁绍。
Zǒutóu-wúlù zhī xià, Hán Fù zhǐhǎo qì jiā chūtáo, bǎ zhěnggè Jìzhōu gǒngshǒu ràng gěile yuánběn zhǐ shì “kèren” de Yuán Shào.
With no way out, Han Fu had no choice but to flee his home and hand all of Ji Province over to Yuan Shao, who had entered as merely a “guest.”
Sentence vocabulary
客人 · kè rén
guest
就这样,袁绍由弱变强、由客为主——这便是“反客为主”,把被动一步步扭成。
Jiù zhèyàng, Yuán Shào yóu ruò biàn qiáng、yóu kè wéi zhǔ —— zhè biàn shì “fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ”, bǎ bèidòng yí bù bù niǔ chéng zhǔdòng.
And so Yuan Shao grew from weak to strong, from guest to master—this is “turning the guest into the host”: twisting a passive position, step by step, into an active one.
Sentence vocabulary
主动 · zhǔdòng
proactive
比如刚进公司的新人,挑起最棘手的项目,渐渐被大家依赖,最终成为团队的。
Bǐrú gāng jìn gōngsī de xīnrén, zhǔdòng tiāoqǐ zuì shóushǒu de xiàngmù, jiànjiàn bèi dàjiā yīlài, zuìzhōng chéngwéi tuánduì de héxīn.
For example, a newcomer who joins a company and takes the initiative on the thorniest projects is gradually relied upon by everyone, until at last he becomes the core of the team.
Sentence vocabulary
主动 · zhǔdòng
proactive
核心 · héxīn
core
它的在于:看清局势、步步为营,原本被动的一方也能逐步掌握主导权,扭转整个局面。
Tā de zhìhuì zàiyú: kànqīng júshì、bùbù-wéiyíng, yuánběn bèidòng de yì fāng yě néng zhúbù zhǎngwò zhǔdǎoquán, niǔzhuǎn zhěnggè júmiàn.
Its wisdom lies here: read the situation clearly, move step by step, and even the side that began as passive can gradually seize the initiative and turn the whole situation around.
Sentence vocabulary
智慧 · zhìhuì
wisdom, intelligence
Finished reading the story?
Vocabulary
成语
chéngyǔ
Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters
客人
kè rén
guest
主人
zhǔrén
master, host
智慧
zhìhuì
wisdom, intelligence
主动
zhǔdòng
proactive
控制
kòngzhì
control
古代
gǔdài
ancient times
士兵
shìbīng
soldiers
国家
guó jiā
country
接待
jiēdài
to receive (a visitor)
粮食
liángshi
foodstuff, cereals
表面
biǎomiàn
surface
目标
mùbiāo
target
信任
xìnrèn
trust
反而
fǎnér
instead; on the contrary; contrary (to expectations)
真正
zhēn zhèng
real
改变
gǎi biàn
change
身份
shēnfèn
identity
角色
juésè
role (in a story)
员工
yuángōng
employee, staff
困难
kùn nan
difficulty
任务
rèn wu
task
核心
héxīn
core
保持
bǎochí
to maintain, to keep
机会
jī huì
opportunity
Mini quiz
Printable preview
A simple classroom-friendly preview for Turn the Guest into the Host. Use your browser print command to print this free HTML preview.
成语 · chéngyǔ
Chinese idiom, often made up of 4 characters
客人 · kè rén
guest
主人 · zhǔrén
master, host
智慧 · zhìhuì
wisdom, intelligence
主动 · zhǔdòng
proactive
控制 · kòngzhì
control
古代 · gǔdài
ancient times
士兵 · shìbīng
soldiers
国家 · guó jiā
country
接待 · jiēdài
to receive (a visitor)
粮食 · liángshi
foodstuff, cereals
表面 · biǎomiàn
surface
How did Yuan Shao seize Ji Province from Han Fu?
Options: He tricked the timid Han Fu into inviting him in, then took control step by step / He defeated Han Fu in a pitched battle / He bought the province with gold / The emperor gave it to him
The idiom 反客为主 (fǎn-kè-wéi-zhǔ) means...
Options: a guest gradually takes control and becomes the host / the host becomes a guest / to invite many guests / to send a guest home
What is the correct pinyin and tone for 客 in 客人 (guest)?
Options: kē / ké / kě / kè
Put these parts in the correct order.
Answer: 东汉末年,天下大乱,群雄并起,袁绍势力尚弱,急需一块富庶的根据地。
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