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Guided culture reading

The Empty City Stratagem

空城计

With almost no soldiers left, a calm general opens the city gates and plays music on the wall. This is stratagem thirty-two: 空城计.

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Before you read

Quick pre-teach

6 helpful words

镇静

zhènjìng

calm

推测

tuīcè

speculation

部署

bùshǔ

deploy

撤退

chètuì

haul off

防守

fángshǒu

defense

阴谋

yīnmóu

conspiracy

Read the story

1

Sān Guó zhī shí, Shǔhàn chéngxiàng Zhūgě Liàng běifá Zhōngyuán, bīng chū Qíshān, qìshì-rúhóng.

In the Three Kingdoms era, the Shu-Han chancellor Zhuge Liang campaigned north against the Central Plains, marching out through Mount Qi with towering ambition.

2

线西

Búliào Mǎ Sù Jiētíng shīshǒu, Shǔ jūn qiánxiàn zhòurán bēngkuì, Sīmǎ Yì shuài shíwǔ wàn dàjūn chéngshì zhí pū Zhūgě Liàng suǒ zài de Xīchéng.

To his dismay, Ma Su lost the stronghold of Jieting and the Shu front collapsed; Sima Yi led a hundred and fifty thousand troops straight for the small city of Xicheng, where Zhuge Liang then was.

3

Bǐshí Zhūgě Liàng shēnbiān jǐn yú wénguān yǔ shù qiān lǎoruò cánbīng, chéng wài chéntóu bì rì, zhòng guān miàn rú tǔ sè.

By then Zhuge Liang had only civil officials and a few thousand old, weak soldiers with him; outside the walls a dust-cloud blotted out the sun, and every officer went pale.

4

Zhūgě Liàng què shénsè-zìruò, xiàlìng yǎnqí-xīgǔ, dà kāi sì miàn chéngmén, měi mén pài èrshí lǎobīng sǎsǎo jiēdào, zìjǐ dēng chéng fénxiāng cāo qín.

Yet Zhuge Liang stayed perfectly composed: he ordered the banners furled and the drums silenced, threw all four gates wide open, posted twenty old soldiers to sweep the streets at each gate, and himself climbed the wall to burn incense and play the qin.

5

Sīmǎ Yì qiánfēng lái dào chéng xià, jiàn chéngmén dòngkāi, bǎixìng dītóu sǎo dì, Zhūgě Liàng duānzuò chénglóu, qínshēng yōurán bú luàn.

When Sima Yi's vanguard reached the walls, they found the gates gaping open and common folk calmly sweeping the ground, while Zhuge Liang sat upright on the tower, his zither music unhurried and even.

6

Sīmǎ Yì sù zhī Zhūgě Liàng yìshēng jǐnshèn, cóng bú shèxiǎn, yùfā yí chéng zhōng yǒu zhòngbīng máifu.

Sima Yi had long known Zhuge Liang for a man cautious all his life, who never took a risk; the more he looked, the more he suspected a great ambush hidden in the city.

7

Tā lèi mǎ chénsī liángjiǔ, yuè kàn yuè juéde Zhūgě Liàng xiōngyǒu-chéngzhú, suì xiàlìng quán jūn hòuduì gǎi qiánduì, huǒsù chètuì.

He reined in his horse and thought it over for a long while; the longer he looked, the more certain he grew that Zhuge Liang had a plan ready, so he ordered the whole army to turn about and retreat at full speed.

8

Dài Wèi jūn yuǎn qù, Zhūgě Liàng fǔ zhǎng ér xiào, zuǒyòu jīng wèn qí gù.

Once the Wei army had marched far away, Zhuge Liang clapped his hands and laughed; his astonished officers asked why.

9

西

Tā dá dào: “Sīmǎ Yì zhī wǒ píngshēng jǐnshèn, bì liào wǒ chéng zhōng shè fú; wǒ ruò cānghuáng ér zǒu, fǎn wèi tā suǒ qín.” —— Xīchéng jiù cǐ huàxiǎn-wéiyí.

He answered, “Sima Yi knows I have been careful all my life, so he was sure I had laid an ambush; had I fled in panic, he would have caught me.” — and so Xicheng turned danger into safety.

10

便退

Zhè biàn shì “Kōngchéng-jì” —— yǐ xū shì xū, yǐ jìng zhì dòng, ràng qiángdà de duìshǒu yíshén-yíguǐ, bú zhàn ér tuì.

This is the “Empty City Stratagem”: showing emptiness with emptiness, mastering motion with stillness, so that a mighty foe begins to imagine traps everywhere and retreats without a battle.

11

Zài xiàndài zhíchǎng lǐ, dāng zīyuán zhuōjīn-jiànzhǒu shí, yǔqí shǒumáng-jiǎoluàn de yǎnshì, bùrú zhèndìng-zìruò de ànbù-jiùbǎn, fǎndǎo ràng rén bù gǎn qīngjǔ-wàngdòng.

In today's workplace, when you are short on resources, it is better to stay calm and carry on step by step than to scramble and hide it — composure alone can make others afraid to act rashly.

12

Tā de zhìhuì zàiyú: zhēnzhèng de qiángdà bù zàiyú shǒu lǐ yǒu duōshǎo bīng, ér zàiyú duìshǒu yǐwéi nǐ yǒu duōshǎo bīng.

Its wisdom: real strength lies not in how many soldiers you hold, but in how many your enemy believes you have.

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Vocabulary

Story words

47 cards

镇静

zhènjìng

calm

推测

tuīcè

speculation

部署

bùshǔ

deploy

撤退

chètuì

haul off

防守

fángshǒu

defense

阴谋

yīnmóu

conspiracy

将军

jiāngjūn

general

军队

jūnduì

army

进攻

jìngōng

attack

时期

shíqī

time period

士兵

shìbīng

soldiers

敌人

dírén

enemy

微笑

wēixiào

a smile

立刻

lìkè

immediately

果然

guǒrán

as expected, sure enough

损失

sǔnshī

loss

智慧

zhìhuì

wisdom, intelligence

现代

xiàndài

modern

非常

fēi cháng

very; extremely

聪明

cōng ming

clever

kuài

fast; quick

不过

bú guò

however

害怕

hài pà

fear

紧张

jǐn zhāng

nervous

危险

wēi xiǎn

danger

安全

ān quán

security

放松

fàng sōng

relax

成功

chéng gōng

success

因此

yīn cǐ

therefore

zhè

this

城市

chéng shì

city

马上

mǎ shàng

right off

希望

xī wàng

to hope; to wish

gēn

with

jiù

then; right away

没有

méiyǒu

do not have; there is not

zhe

particle for continuing state

inside; in

shàng

on; above; previous

zài

to be at; in; on

mén

door

lái

to come

big; large

hěn

very

shǎo

few; little

rén

person; people

one

Mini quiz

Check your understanding

Question 1

Why did Zhuge Liang open the gates and play the qin instead of running away?

Question 2

What did Zhuge Liang mean by ordering his men to 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqí-xīgǔ)?

Question 3

What is the correct pinyin for 撤退?

Question 4

Choose the correct sentence order for 'Sima Yi had long known that Zhuge Liang was careful all his life.'

Question 5

In '诸葛亮却神色自若', what does 却 (què) express?

Question 6

What does 空城计 (kōngchéng jì) teach?

Printable preview

Printable Story Worksheet

A simple classroom-friendly preview for The Empty City Stratagem. Use your browser print command to print this free HTML preview.

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Story vocabulary list

镇静 · zhènjìng

calm

推测 · tuīcè

speculation

部署 · bùshǔ

deploy

撤退 · chètuì

haul off

防守 · fángshǒu

defense

阴谋 · yīnmóu

conspiracy

将军 · jiāngjūn

general

军队 · jūnduì

army

进攻 · jìngōng

attack

时期 · shíqī

time period

士兵 · shìbīng

soldiers

敌人 · dírén

enemy

Simple questions

  1. Why did Zhuge Liang open the gates and play the qin instead of running away?

    Options: He knew Sima Yi would suspect an ambush, because Zhuge Liang was famous for never taking risks / He wanted to invite Sima Yi in for a meal / He had a huge army hidden just inside the gates / He had not yet heard the enemy was coming

  2. What did Zhuge Liang mean by ordering his men to 偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqí-xīgǔ)?

    Options: To furl the banners and silence the drums — hide all signs of activity / To light many torches and beat the drums loudly / To raise fresh flags and sound the attack / To burn the flags and smash the drums

  3. What is the correct pinyin for 撤退?

    Options: chètuì / chētuì / chètuǐ / chèduì

Sentence ordering exercise

Put these parts in the correct order.

气势如虹兵出祁山蜀汉丞相诸葛亮北伐中原三国之时

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