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Guided culture reading

Sacrifice the Plum for the Peach

李代桃僵

An old poem tells how a plum tree takes hurt to save a peach tree beside it. This is the eleventh of the Thirty-Six Stratagems: 李代桃僵.

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Before you read

Quick pre-teach

6 helpful words

shì

to be

sān

three

shí

ten

liù

six

one

de

possessive particle

Read the story

1

Gǔ Yuèfǔshī “Jūnzǐxíng” lǐ xiědào: táoshù zhǎng zài lùshuǐjǐng biān, lǐshù jiù zhǎng zài tā shēnpáng.

The ancient yuefu poem 'The Gentleman' says: a peach tree grew by the open well, and right beside it grew a plum tree.

2

Liǎng kē shù gēnxū xiānglián, zhīyè xiāngyǎn, jiù xiàng xíngyǐng-bùlí de hǎo xiōngdì.

The two trees were joined at the roots, their branches and leaves overlapping, like good brothers who never leave each other's side.

3

Yǒu yì tiān, dìlǐ de chóngzi zuān chūlái, zhuānmén kěnshí táoshù de gēn.

One day, bugs came up out of the ground and set to gnawing the roots of the peach tree.

4

Táoshù tòng de wújì-kěshī, yǎnkàn jiù yào kūsǐ.

The peach tree hurt unbearably and had no way to save itself; before its eyes it was about to wither and die.

5

Lǐshù èrhuà-bùshuō, bǎ zìjǐ de gēn shēn guòqù, ràng chóngzi lái kěn zìjǐ.

Without a second word, the plum tree stretched its own roots over and let the bugs come and gnaw it instead.

6

Méi guò duōjiǔ, táoshù ānrán-wúyàng, lǐshù què jiāngsǐ zài yuándì.

Before long the peach tree was safe and sound, while the plum tree stood stiff and dead where it was.

7

Hòulái de rénnen dúdào zhè shǒu shī, dōu wèi lǐshù de shějǐ shēnshēn gǎndòng.

People of later ages who read this poem were all deeply moved by the plum tree's self-sacrifice.

8

“Lǐdài-táojiāng” zhè sì ge zì, yě chéngle shěxiǎo-jiùdà, shějǐ-jiùrén de xiàngzhēng.

The four characters 'the plum takes the peach's place and dies' became a symbol of giving up the small to save the big, of sacrificing oneself to save others.

9

便

Gǔdài jiàngshuài kàndào zhèlǐ, biàn bǎ zhè zhǒng “yǐ júbù huàn quánjú” de sīlù zǒngjié chéng yì tiáo jìcè.

When generals of old saw this, they summed up this way of thinking — 'trade the part to keep the whole' — as a stratagem.

10

Zhè jiùshì “Lǐdài-táojiāng” —— zài guānjiàn shíhou, nìngkě xīshēng xiǎo de, cìyào de, yě yào bǎozhù dà de, gēnběn de.

This is 'sacrificing the plum for the peach': at a crucial moment, one would rather give up what is small and secondary in order to protect what is big and essential.

11

Xiàqí shí chángcháng jiàndào zhèyàng de zhāofǎ: wèile bǎozhù zhǔshuài, qíshǒu nìngkě diūdiào yì chē yì mǎ.

You often see the same move in chess: to save the king, a player would rather give up a rook and a knight.

12

西

Tā de zhìhuì zàiyú: déshī zhījiān yào yǒu qǔshě, dǒngde fàngqì, cái néng zhēnzhèng shǒuzhù zuì zhòngyào de dōngxi.

Its wisdom lies here: between gain and loss you must choose; only by knowing what to let go can you truly hold on to what matters most.

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Vocabulary

Story words

33 cards

shì

to be

sān

three

shí

ten

liù

six

one

de

possessive particle

意思

yì si

meaning

big; large

事情

shì qing

matter; thing

可以

kě yǐ

can; may

xiǎo

small; little

cóng

from

yǒu

to have; there is

旁边

páng biān

beside; next to

it

hǎo

good; well

朋友

péngyou

friend

tiān

sky; day

zài

to be at; in; on

一起

yì qǐ

together

kàn

to look; to watch; to read

jiù

then; right away

ràng

to let; to allow

lái

to come

chī

to eat

hěn

very

not; no

rén

person; people

xiě

to write

zhè

this

shuō

to speak; to say

inside; in

also; too

Mini quiz

Check your understanding

Question 1

In the poem, which tree let the bugs eat itself to save the other tree?

Question 2

What does 安然无恙 mean?

Question 3

What is the pinyin for 李 (as in 李树, plum tree)?

Question 4

Choose the correct word order for 'The two trees were joined at the roots.'

Question 5

What is the main idea of 李代桃僵?

Question 6

In 宁可牺牲小的,也要保住大的 (would rather give up the small to keep the big), 宁可…也要 means:

Printable preview

Printable Story Worksheet

A simple classroom-friendly preview for Sacrifice the Plum for the Peach. Use your browser print command to print this free HTML preview.

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Story vocabulary list

· shì

to be

· sān

three

· shí

ten

· liù

six

·

one

· de

possessive particle

意思 · yì si

meaning

·

big; large

事情 · shì qing

matter; thing

可以 · kě yǐ

can; may

· xiǎo

small; little

· cóng

from

Simple questions

  1. In the poem, which tree let the bugs eat itself to save the other tree?

    Options: The plum tree / The peach tree / A big tree / A flower

  2. What does 安然无恙 mean?

    Options: Safe and sound; unhurt / Very sick / Very tired / Very angry

  3. What is the pinyin for 李 (as in 李树, plum tree)?

    Options: lǐ / lì / lí / lī

Sentence ordering exercise

Put these parts in the correct order.

李树就长在它身旁古乐府诗《君子行》里写道:桃树长在露水井边

More printable story activities are coming soon.